Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Epidemiology and Health System Journal 2980-7891 11 3 2024 11 12 Association Between Gallstone Disease and Kidney Stone Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 158 165 10.34172/ehsj.26270 EN Faramarz Beigi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5391-3116 Alizamen Salehifard Jouneghani https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6572-9394 Saeid Heidari-Soureshjani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7592-3868 Catherine MT Sherwin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-3207 Ghorbanali Rahimian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8080-6116 Journal Article 10.34172/ehsj.26270 2024 09 11 2024 10 22 Background and aims: Gallstone disease (GSD) and kidney stone disease (KSD) have increased due to lifestyle in recent decades. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between these two diseases. Methods: A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted before August 25, 2024. This systematic review and meta-analysis included observational studies. The meta-analysis employed a random-effects model to compute the overall summary estimates of the association between GSD and KSD using risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as the primary measure of the effect size. Heterogeneity was evaluated using chi-square tests, the I² statistic, and forest plots. Publication bias was assessed through Begg’s and Egger’s tests. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and all analyses were performed using Stata 17 software. Results: The meta-analysis included 9 studies encompassing 982847 participants. The pooled analysis revealed a statistically significant association between GSD and KSD, with a risk of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.572.03, P≤0.001). Begg’s and Egger’s tests demonstrated no significant bias (Begg’s test P=0.835, Egger’s test P=0.812). Variables such as study year, sample size, mean age of participants, mean follow-up, and study quality as determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were examined, but none could significantly impact heterogeneity (P>0.10). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of a significant association between GSD and KSD. Therefore, further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and potential risk factors is necessary.