Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Epidemiology and Health System Journal 2980-7891 4 4 2017 10 01 The Relationship Between Caesarean and Neonatal Hypothyroidism in Chadegan City 267 269 10.15171/ijer.2017.15 EN Mohsen Naderi Beni Gholamreza Espareh Masoud Asgari Journal Article 10.15171/ijer.2017.15 Background and aims: Hypothyroidism is the most prevalent cause of mental dysfunctions. The rate of this problem in Iran is higher than the average rate of the world. Other studies have shown different prevalence rates of this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caesarean operation on the increase of hypothyroidism. Methods: This study was a case-control study performed on the newborns in Chadegan County during 2016-2017. The number of cases (TSH >3.5) was 84 and the number of controls (TSH ≤3.5) was 176. After matching at individual and group levels,analysis was done based on odds ratio and the confidence interval. Results: This study showed that there was no relationship between caesarean and hypothyroidism (odds ratio [OR] = 1.235) with the confidence interval of 0.73-2.08. Conclusion: This study did not show any relationship between caesarean and hypothyroidism and therefore the role of other risk factors especially genetic and environmental risk factors should be emphasized. Other studies also reported such relationship.